This association may become the driving principle for the design of BCI rehabilitation in the future. For the BCI as applied here, the precise coupling between the brain command and the afferent signal was imperative for the behavioral, clinical, and neurophysiological changes reported. Corticospinal tract integrity on DTI did not correlate with clinical or physiological changes.
FM scores (0.8 ± 0.46 point difference, P = 0.01), foot (but not finger) tapping frequency, and 10-m walking speed improved significantly for the BCI associative group, indicating clinically relevant improvements. The TA motor evoked potential (MEP) increased significantly after the BCI associative intervention, but not for the BCI nonassociative group. Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FM), 10-m walking speed, foot and hand tapping frequency, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, and the excitability of the corticospinal tract to the target muscle were quantified. Detection triggered a single electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve timed so that the resulting afferent volley arrived at the peak negative phase of the MRCP (BCI associative group) or randomly (BCI nonassociative group). Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were detected by electroencephalography during repetitions of foot dorsiflexion.
Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were divided into two training groups. The applied BCI is based on Hebbian principles of associativity that hypothesize that neural assemblies activated in a correlated manner will strengthen synaptic connections. Here we evaluated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of three BCI training sessions in a double-blind sham-controlled design.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve functionality in chronic stoke patients when applied over a large number of sessions.
0 kommentar(er)
